Pharmaceutical Elemental Impurities Analysis System - Applications

Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

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Incomparable Analysis Performance

ICH Q3D Class 1 and Class 2A Element Profiles

The following shows the profiles obtained from measurements of the standard mixture solution (XSTC-2046) containing the seven elements in Class 1 and Class 2A. A total of four profiles for the stock solution, 2× diluted solution, 5× diluted solution, and a blank are shown in overlap. The integration time is 1800 seconds for each channel*.

* The same measurement conditions (channel) can be used for measuring elements with similar fluorescent X-ray energies. Therefore, the required analysis time will not equal the integration time multiplied by the number of elements.
For the above-mentioned seven elements, the measurement is performed with three channels. The channels are switched automatically.

ICH Q3D PDE Values

The ICH Q3D specifies the permitted daily exposure (PDE) values for each element respectively for oral drug products, injections, and inhalants. When evaluating elemental impurities in drug products or their constituent components, the specified PDE values must be converted to concentrations. Four options are specified by the regulation for calculating the concentrations. The sensitivity required for analytical instruments will change depending on which option is used, as well as the assumed daily intake in grams for the applicable drug product.

Element Class PDE Value for Oral Drug
Products μg/day
PDE Value for
Injections μg/day
PDE Value for
Inhalants μg/day
Cd 1 5 2 2
Pb 1 5 5 5
As 1 15 15 2
Hg 1 30 3 1
Co 2A 50 5 3
V 2A 100 10 1
Ni 2A 200 20 5
Tl 2B 8 8 8
Au 2B 100 100 1
Pd 2B 100 10 1
Ir 2B 100 10 1
Os 2B 100 10 1
Element Class PDE Value for Oral Drug
Products μg/day
PDE Value for
Injections μg/day
PDE Value for
Inhalants μg/day
Rh 2B 100 10 1
Ru 2B 100 10 1
Se 2B 150 80 130
Ag 2B 150 10 7
Pt 2B 100 10 1
Li 3 550 250 25
Sb 3 1200 90 20
Ba 3 1400 700 300
Mo 3 3000 1500 10
Cu 3 3000 300 30
Sn 3 6000 600 60
Cr 3 11000 1100 3

Converting PDEs to Concentration Limits

Option 1

  • Assuming a daily intake of 10 g of the drug product, conversion is made to the maximum permissible concentration for all constituent components of the drug product, using the maximum permissible intake.

 

Option 2a

  • Based on the actual daily intake, conversion is made to the maximum permissible concentration for all constituent components of the drug product, using the maximum permissible intake.

 

Option 2b

  • Based on measured values for each constituent component in the drug product, any expected maximum (permissible) concentrations are arbitrarily set.

 

Option 3

  • Based on the actual daily intake, conversion is made to the maximum permissible concentration in the finished drug product.

 

Relationship Between the Lower Detection Limit and the Integration Time

The lower detection limit differs depending on the measured element and the sample matrix. If heavy elements are contained in a light element matrix, a lower detection limit of several micrograms per gram to several sub-micrograms per gram will be obtained. It is also possible to improve the lower detection limit by extending the integration time. Theoretically, if the integration time is extended by a factor of four, the lower detection limit will be 1/2 the original value, and if the integration time is extended by a factor of nine, the lower detection limit will be 1/3 the original value.

Example of the Analysis of a Micro Contaminant

The EDX-7000 is useful not only for analysis of elemental impurities but also for analysis to identify contaminants. Using the sample observation camera and
collimator allows easy analysis even for micro contaminants. The following data is from analyzing micro metallic contaminants (simulated sample) on the order of a few hundred micrometers in size. In addition to the main constituents (Fe, Cr, and Ni), Cu and Mo are also detected at 1 wt% or less.